PREPARATION OF XANTHENE-DIONE DERIVATIVES BY 2-AMINOPHENOL UNDER SOLVENT FREE CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT The synthesis of xanthene-dione derivatives has gained significant attention due to their broad spectrum of biological and pharmaceutical applications. This study presents an efficient, eco-friendly, and solvent-free approach for the preparation of xanthene-dione derivatives using 2-aminophenol as a catalyst. The reaction involves a one-pot, three-component condensation of β-naphthol, aldehydes, and dimedone under controlled thermal conditions. The method offers high yields, operational simplicity, and eliminates the use of toxic solvents, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. Spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry were used to characterize the synthesized compounds, confirming their structural integrity. This sustainable synthesis protocol provides an environmentally benign alternative for the production of xanthene derivatives with potential applications in medicinal chemistry, fluorescence dyes, and material sciences. Keywords:Xanthene-dione derivatives, 2-Aminophenol, Green Chemistry, Solvent-Free Synthesis, One-Pot Condensation, Spectroscopic Characterization.