2679. Factors Associated with Multidrug-resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Acute Leukemia Patients with Neutropenic Fever, a Retrospective Study

Abstract Background Gram--negative bacteremia in acute leukemia patients with neutropenia is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Appropriate antibiotic for empirical treatment is crucial; however, antibiotic selection is challenging especially in setting with high prevalence of infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Data on associated factors of MDR Gram-negative bacteremia in this population is limited. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in King Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Medical records of patients aged ≥15 years with acute leukemia who were hospitalized in our institute and had neutropenic fever between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2016 were reviewed. Demographic data, causative organisms, treatment and outcomes were documented. Episodes of MDR Gram-negative bacteremia were compared with non-MDR group. Associated risk factor was assessed by multivariate logistic regression Results From total 405 admission records of 227 acute leukemia patients, 587 episodes of neutropenic fever occurred with 131 episodes of Gram-negative bacteremia. Majority (81.68%) were bacteremia without source of infection. Most common causative pathogens were E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Sixty episodes of Gram-negative bacteremia (53.57%) were caused by MDR pathogen. Associated factor for MDR Gram-negative bacteremia was prior colonization or infection with MDR Gram-negative bacteria within 3 months (P = 0.049). Subgroup analysis in patients with non-lactose fermenter bacteremia showed higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital death in MDR group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.004). Conclusion Prior colonization or infection by MDR Gram-negative bacteria within 3 months was associated with MDR Gram-negative bacteremia in acute leukemia patients with neutropenic fever. Thoroughly review of previous culture data and active screening for colonization may increase chance of appropriate empirical antibiotics. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.