Socioeconomic Analysis of students who took the Enem between 2019 and 2022 using Machine Learning

The National Secondary Education Examination (Enem) is the exam that allows students, through the results obtained, to enter higher education institutions. Socioeconomic analysis is the means that evaluates the economic relationship with a portion of society. Through this analysis, which is carried out through socioeconomic questionnaires carried out in Enem, it is possible to analyze the factors that impact student performance. In this context, the objective of this work is to carry out a socioeconomic analysis of Enem from 2019 to 2022, aiming to identify possible social inequalities and factors that may influence students' performance in Enem. With socioeconomic analysis, it is possible to define a target audience in which public measures are needed to avoid social inequalities, seeking to promote more opportunities and equal access to education and higher education. Due to the size of the Enem databases from 2019 to 2022, the Knowledge Discovery in Databases(KDD) steps were adopted to carry out the analyses, which consist of: selection, pre-processing, transformation, data mining and interpretation of data through discovered knowledge. Furthermore, in the development of the KDD stages, the programming language Python. As a result, between 2019 and 2022, two groups were divided for each year, a group of students with good performance and one of students who did not perform as expected. The group of students with good performance, the vast majority are from private schools, white color/race, with a computer at home, southeast and northeast region, monthly family income in class C where the minimum wage is 4 to 10, class D in that the minimum wage is 2 to 4, and class E of up to 2 minimum wages. Furthermore, of the students who did not perform as expected, the vast majority are from public schools, brown color/race, do not have a computer at home, are from the southeast and northeast regions, have a monthly family income of class E, which is up to 2 salaries minimums.