Mucosal Healing Research Advances of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a group of chronic intestinal diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These diseases cause chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and wall, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, etc. Intestinal mucosal barrier can prevent microbial and other antigens enter the intestinal wall, maintain its healthy function. However, Immune system dysregulation, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier are key pathogenic mechanisms of IBD. The treatment of IBD remains an important medical challenge, the current treatment mainly by inhibiting immune activity, blocking certain inflammatory molecules. Although these methods can induce mucosal healing (MH), but infection and tumor adverse reactions associated with immunosuppression still need to solve. Therefore, researchers are exploring new treatments, to promote the healing of the intestinal mucosa and maintain intestinal health. This review summarizes the traditional treatment of IBD and the application of new technologies such as hydrogels, organoids, probiotics and prebiotics, which aim to safely and effectively promote mucosal barrier healing and restore intestinal function and balance.