Cicero’s Retreat from Rome in Early 58 BC

In early 58, the tribune Clodius proposed alex de capite civis Romanireaffirming the essence of an earlierlex Sempronia,that no Roman citizen should be put to death without a trial. Since Cicero, as consul in 63, had overseen the summary execution of five men, he was, without doubt, the target of Clodius’ rogation. On the day before the billde capite civis Romaniwas voted upon, however, and at the insistence of friend and foe alike, Cicero departed from the city, but his ‘timely’ exit did not put an end to this episode. Very soon after his departure, chattels were removed from his estates under the aegis of the consuls, and his wife was subjected to financial harassment.