Nerve growth factor receptors on normal and injured sensory neurons

The density and binding properties of receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF) in normal and injured sensory neurons have been analyzed by quantitative radioautography following incubation of tissue sections with radioiodinated NGF. The technique is designed to study binding sites that are half-maximally saturated by picomolar concentrations of NGF: Additional sites of lower affinity have not been emphasized. In normal adult rats, approximately half of lumbar sensory neurons have high-affinity receptors for NGF. One month after the sciatic nerve is cut, the mean number of high-affinity sites on heavily labeled neurons in the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion falls to less than 20% of normal values because of reduced receptor density and cell volume. Neurons with high-affinity receptors are more liable to atrophy after injury than those lacking such receptors. Receptors are lost not only in the cell bodies of sensory neurons but also on their peripheral and central processes. Delayed administration of NGF to the sciatic nerve 3 weeks after it is cut restores the receptor density to normal values and partially restores the neuronal cell volume. As part of the response to axonal injury and possibly because the cell body is deprived of NGF, fewer high-affinity receptors are displayed by sensory neurons. For at least 3 weeks after nerve transection, neurons that are atrophic and depleted of NGF receptors can be resuscitated by exogenous NGF.