Immuno-oncology in the daily practice

Purpose of review Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become an integral part of oncology treatment. ICI currently has approval for more than thirty tumor types with proven efficacy. However, ICI can expose patients to inflammatory side effects, such as immuno-related adverse events (irAE). The spectrum of irAE and the time to onset can be very broad, sometimes leading to the patient's death. Additionally, ICI could be associated with chronic or long-term adverse events that impact quality of life. The expansion of the indications for immunotherapy in the early adjuvant and neoadjuvant stages is altering the benefit-risk balance of these therapies. Furthermore, the combination of immunotherapies with other oncology treatments makes the interpretation of adverse events difficult. To date, no predictive factors have been identified in routine practice to identify patients at risk of developing serious toxicity. Recent findings This has led us to develop a patient care pathway dedicated to the management of these toxicities, enabling early detection of irAE to improve outcomes. Summary We have presented a novel care pathway based on a clinical evaluation, encompassing a daily hospital devoted to the management of toxicities, an iTox multidisciplinary board, and a pharmacovigilance database. This pathway involves a translational research program. The toxicity day hospital allowed us to care for patients at an early stage of an adverse event and to establish whether anticancer treatment was responsible for the onset of symptoms and/or biological abnormalities. The objective of this pathway is to enhance the quality of life and compliance of oncology treatment, while minimizing the necessity for unscheduled care.