Decius and the Battle Near Abritus

The publication of substantial sections of Dexippus’ Skythika that deal with the capture of Philoppopolis in AD 251, and events leading up to the death of the emperor Decius in the battle at Abritus a few months later offer unique insight into the way the events of the campaign of 250/51 were seen by a contemporary historian. The characterization of Decius helps us understand the picture of the battle of Abritus that survived. Dexippus’ narrative has no place for Gallus. Just as significantly, it enables us to see how the portrait of Decius should be contrasted with that of Aurelian as it appears in surviving fragments. Aurelian’s ability to negotiate settlements and, by implication, his balanced approach to warfare are contrasted with Decius’ rashness, a clear sign of poor leadership.