The study of combustion processes of solid substances and materials: new approaches in teaching methods

Introduction. An integrative approach to teaching a number of special disciplines helps to realize interdisciplinary connections and can be considered as one of the pedagogical requirements that contribute to the formation of readiness of future specialists of EMERCOM of Russia to competently solve professional tasks. When studying the topic “Combustion of solid substances and materials” in the course "Physicochemical fundamentals of fire development and extinguishing", methodological difficulties arise due to the complexity of combining basic knowledge of physics and chemistry of solid aggregate state and understanding the essence of the combustion process of solids. At the same time, the combustion process of solid combustible materials should be associated with the classes of fires and the primary fire extinguishing agents used. Purposes and objectives. The aim of the study is to improve the methodological aspects of teaching the peculiarities of burning of solids and materials, taking into account an interdisciplinary approach, due to the fact that these processes are one of the threats to the stability of the technosphere. Methods. A comparative analysis of the teaching methods of integrated topics related to the peculiarities of burning substances and materials. To improve the quality of students' training, the author's methodology for studying the topic "Combustion of solid substances and materials" is proposed. The proposed methodology includes three types of classes: a lecture, practical work with individual tasks for calculating burning parameters and laboratory work. The latter contains both a demonstration experiment and self-performed experiments by students. The authors analyzed the effectiveness of the developed methodology by monitoring the knowledge of students. The analysis showed that such an integrated approach will allow students to achieve a stable understanding of the combustion of solid combustible materials as a physicochemical process. Results and discussion. The author's methodology for studying the topic "Combustion of solid substances and materials", which includes three components, has been developed: - original lecture material, including an active dialogue mode involving information and communication technologies and the formulation of problematic issues related to the threats of emergency situations in case of ignition of combustible solid organic and inorganic substances. - creation of methodological support: a) to the practical work "Calculation of the parameters of the combustion process of solids and materials" with the formation of a logical connection "composition of the substance" → "the burning temperature" and the further representation of the parameter "burning temperature" as a dynamic parameter of the development of the fire; b) to the laboratory work "Experimental determination of burning products of solid substances and materials", in which the ratio to heating of solid combustible materials of the 1st and 2nd kind is experimentally shown. Burning is visualized using the example of metals with different values of electrode potential. Conclusions. It is shown that the original methodology proposed by the authors allows students to achieve a stable understanding of the combustion process of solid materials as a physicochemical process that poses a threat to technosphere safety. Keywords: pedagogy of higher education; burning of solid substances and materials; teaching methods; physicochemical disciplines; training of personnel of EMERCOM of Russia.