Bilgi ve Aristoteles - Aristoteles Felsefesinde Bilginin Temellendirilmesi

Knowledge and Aristotle The Grounding of Knowledge in Aristotle’s Philosophy-rnKnowledge is the most important form of human relationship with being. It has been one of the most important subjects of philosophy since ancient times, and it is a phenomenon that is being discussed or explained even today. The desire to get rid of doubt and reach certainty and how to make this desire come true, how to ensure certainty in knowledge are relat-ed to the question of the grounding of knowledge. This answer will also determine the validity of our relationship with being. This work focuses on Aristotle’s understanding of knowledge. The main problem discussed about knowledge is how knowledge is grounded. Before explaining Ar-istotle’s views on the subject, we tried to reveal the approaches to the basic questions of the theory of knowledge in pre-Aristotelian philosophy. Thus, we thought we could create a framework for Aristotle’s understand-ing. Aristotle considers knowledge as the knowledge of the universal and says that to know something is to understand its cause. Aristotle accepts deduction as the scientific method and thinks that deduction from neces-sary and true premises in accordance with the rules will give us accurate knowledge. This knowledge, which he calls evidential knowledge, is built on necessary premises. According to Aristotle, the method of achieving universal principles, which is the basis of proof, is experience based on sensory perceptions and induction based on this experience. At this point, the act of knowing, as a function of the soul, is based on sensation and thinking, which are the faculties of the soul. The point that should not be overlooked on the subject is this: According to Aristotle, although knowl-edge is the knowledge of the universal, in his understanding of being, real beings are not universals but individual beings. It can be easily un-derstood that the reason why we deal with the problem of knowledge by focusing on Aristotle in our study is because of his influence. The under-standing of both Islamic and Western philosophy depends on the under-standing of their foundations. In addition, understanding Aristotle’s ideas on knowledge and science will enable us to compare the approaches in the contemporary philosophy of science with classical philosophy.rnKeywords: Episteme; proving; induction; intellect; sensation; universal