Phytocosmetics: A literature review

Phytocosmetics, cosmetic products containing active ingredients of plant origin, have been used for beauty and hygiene purposes by ancient civilisations and continue to arouse interest in modern times. This study aims to define the term "phytocosmetics" on the basis of official regulatory sources, assess the state of the literature on phytocosmetics, present examples of natural active ingredients and highlight the advantages and limitations of their use in cosmetics. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct, and revealed a relatively small number of articles on phytocosmetics despite the long-standing traditional use of plant ingredients. Although there is no official definition of phytocosmetic products, the term can be understood as cosmetic products containing components of plant origin. Examples of natural active ingredients with various benefits for the skin and hair were presented, focusing mainly on polyphenols and flavonoids. Phytocosmetic products offer advantages over synthetic chemicals, including avoiding endocrine disruption and promoting sustainability through the use of agricultural waste. However, barriers such as the low bioavailability and chemical instability of some plant ingredients require innovative delivery systems, and the use of organic solvents can be mitigated by environmentally friendly extraction techniques. Specific regulatory guidelines for phytocosmetic products are lacking, requiring the establishment of science-based quality and safety standards. Further research is needed to understand the potential adverse effects and mechanisms of action of plant-derived ingredients on the skin.