INTESTINAL FAILURE SYNDROME IN ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION AND WAYS OF ITS PREVENTION

Abstract. Introduction. The initial manifestations of intestinal insufficiency syndrome in acute intestinal obstruction are a pronounced inhibition of intestinal motor activity, which may be a reflex consequence of a previously developed pathological process. The surgical intervention performed against this background becomes another factor that increases the inhibition of intestinal motility. These disorders are based on a change in the “balance” of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous influences and humoral factors. The aim of the study was to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with acute intestinal obstruction by developing and improving enteral therapeutic measures. Materials and methods. An analysis of the treatment results of 119 patients with acute mechanical intestinal obstruction of non-neoplastic genesis who were admitted to the surgical department during 2021-2024 was conducted. The age of the studied patients ranged from 18 to 80 years. Among them, 74 (62.2%) were men, and 45 (37.8%) were women. The control group consisted of 56 patients, the main group consisted of 63 patients. Results and discussion. In the main group, postoperative complications were observed in 8 (12.6%) patients. Mortality was 3.3% (2 patients died). Thus, the supplemented complex of traditional treatment measures with intra- and postoperative intestinal decompression, intestinal lavage and enterosorption is an important stage in intestinal insufficiency syndrome interrupting the pathogenetic chain of development in patients with acute intestinal obstruction. It contributes not only to the prevention of intestinal insufficiency syndrome, but also to the reduction of endogenous intoxication, the restoration of all intestinal functions, and also creates conditions for the early activation of patients and the reimbursement of energy costs and the body’s needs for plastic materials in a natural - enteral way. Conclusions. Timely and adequate implementation of enteral therapeutic measures: intra- and postoperative intestinal decompression, intestinal lavage, as well as enterosorption, which is an important stage of the comprehensive treatment of patients with acute intestinal obstruction and the prevention of intestinal insufficiency syndrome, contributes to the reduction of postoperative complications from 33.8% to 12.6% and mortality from 7.2% to 3.3%.