Zygmunt Miłkowski (1824–1915) w powstaniu styczniowym 1863 roku/ Zygmunt Miłkowski’s (1824–1915) involvement in the January Uprising in 1863

AbstractZygmunt Miłkowski (Teodor Tomasz Jeż) was a gifted writer who struggled actively in fights for independence of Poland. Among others, he took part in the last Polish uprising against Russia in the 19th century. For a short time he was a leader of the Polish armed forces in Rus. After his resignation from the post he was ordered to organize Polish armed forces in Podolia. One of his ideas was so-called Moldavian expedition. This well-known event described by Miłkowski in his memoirs ended with the struggle with Romanian soldiers near Kostangalia (July 15, 1863). Having won the battle, the Poles were trying to cross the Prut river but had to surrender to Romanians. For a long time Miłkowski tried to explain why this plan failed and why his expedition did not succeed.