Emanation‐Sedimentary Metallogenic Series and Models of the Proterozoic Rift in the Kangdian Axis

Abstract  The Kangdian axis basement can be divided into two tectonic layers. The lower tectonic layer is the crystalline basement which is made up of the Archaean Dibadu Formation and early Proterozoic Dahongshan Group. The former is a kata‐metamorphic basic volcano‐sedimentary formation of the old geosyncline (old continental nucleus), and the latter is a medium‐grade metamorphosed alkali‐rich basic volcanic (emanation)‐sedimentary formation of the Yuanjiang‐Dahongshan marginal rift. They are in disconformable contact. The upper tectonic layer is the folded basement, and made up of the middle‐late Proterozoic Kunyang Group. It is the result of Dongchuan‐Yuanjiang intercontinental rifting with discordant contract with the underlying and overlying strata. Along with the evolution of Proterozoic from early to late, four types of emanation‐sedimentary deposits in the Kangdian axis rift were formed in turn: emanation‐sedimentary iron‐copper‐gold deposits related to basic volcanic rocks in the Yuanmou‐Dahongshan marginal rift; emanation‐sedimentary iron‐copper deposits related to intermediate‐basic volcanic rocks in the early stage of the Dongnchuan‐Yuanjiang intercontinental rift; emanation‐sedimentary copper deposits related to sedimentary rocks in the middle stage; copper deposits related to the late tectonic reworking. From early to late Proterozoic, with the evolution of the Kangdian axis rift and lowering volcanic basicity, the ore‐forming elements also evolved from Fe, Cu and (Au) through Cu and Fe to Cu.