Meteorological influence on particulate matter levels: A case study of Bonpara, Natore

This study analyzed PM2.5 and PM10 levels in Bonpara, examining their correlation with meteorological factors. Data was collected from 10 selected stations within a 3 km radius of the Bonpara Bypass, covering three directions: northeast, southeast, and west. Measurements were taken at 500m, 1km, and 3km from the center during both dry and wet seasons, with each station providing 14 data points. Results showed the highest particulate matter concentrations at the Bonpara Bypass center, particularly during the dry season. Average PM2.5 and PM10 levels were 156 µg/m³ and 169 µg/m³, exceeding Bangladesh Gazette standards (65 µg/m³ for PM2.5 and 150 µg/m³ for PM10). In contrast, stations with less traffic recorded 95 µg/m³ (PM2.5) and 104 µg/m³ (PM10). The study attributes this to heavy vehicular movement in the bypass area. In the wet season, frequent rainfall and higher humidity reduced particulate matter levels. At the bypass center, PM2.5 and PM10 dropped to 50 µg/m³ and 56 µg/m³, while other stations recorded 35 µg/m³ and 42 µg/m³, staying within standard limits. Wind direction also played a key role, with higher PM concentrations downwind of the bypass. Additionally, construction at Stations 07 and 08 in the dry season resulted in PM2.5 and PM10 levels of 113 µg/m³ and 126 µg/m³, respectively, exceeding the PM2.5 standard. The study highlights the impact of humidity, rainfall, and human activities on air quality. Expanding monitoring locations and raising public awareness are essential to mitigate PM pollution in Bonpara.