Effect of cyclic wetting-drying on tensile mechanical behavior and microstructure of clay-bearing sandstone

Abstract The understanding of the weakening mechanism of tensile strength of rock subjected to cyclic wetting-drying is critical for rock engineering. Tensile strength tests were conducted on a total of 35 sandstone specimens with different wetting-drying cycles. The crack propagation process and acoustic emission characteristics were obtained through a high-speed camera and acoustic emission system. The results indicate that the tensile strength is observably reduced after cyclic wetting-drying, and the extent of the reduction is not only related to the number of wetting-drying cycle, but also closely related to the clay mineral content of the sample. In addition, as the cycles of wetting-drying increase, the effect of each single cycle on tensile strength is getting smaller and smaller until becoming constant. Moreover, the crack initiation and penetration time is prolonged as the number of wetting-dry cycle increases, which indicates that cyclic wetting-drying weakens the rock stiffness and enhances the ductility of sandstone. Meanwhile, the acoustic emission characteristics during the experiment further confirmed this phenomenon. Furthermore, through the analysis of the microstructure and mineral composition of the samples with different wetting-drying cycles, it is concluded that the main weakening mechanisms of sandstones containing clay minerals are frictional reduction, chemical and corrosive deterioration.