Current Developments in Radiotherapy Quality Control Methods

Quality control is of critical importance to ensure the accurate and reliable implementation of treatment in radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is a primary method of treating diseases such as cancer, aiming to destroy cancer cells or control their growth using high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The quality control process encompasses a comprehensive series of procedures involving regular examination and evaluation of elements like radiotherapy devices, dosimetric components, and treatment planning systems. The primary objectives of quality control are to enhance patient safety, ensure accurate dose delivery, and optimize treatment outcomes. Due to its inclusion of critical parameters and safety measures, this process holds significant importance in the field of radiotherapy. The quality control process begins with the examination of treatment devices and components. Linear accelerators are the most commonly used devices in radiotherapy. Quality control procedures for linear accelerators involve various steps, including reference dose measurement, dose output calibration, isocenter dose measurements, accuracy of irradiation, beam profile control, and dynamic field control. The control of simulation and imaging devices such as CT simulation, MRI, PET/CT, and ultrasound plays a crucial role in radiotherapy preparation. The quality control of these devices ensures the accuracy of elements such as calibration, visualization of anatomical structures, and assessment of image quality. Ion chambers, diode detectors, two-dimensional dosimeters, diamond detectors, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD), Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) detectors, and gel dosimeters are used for the control of devices and components in radiotherapy and are examined for calibration, accuracy, and sensitivity. Dosimetric devices like ion chambers and diode detectors are vital for accurately measuring radiation doses. Two-dimensional dosimeters and film dosimeters, with their advantages and disadvantages, contribute to treatment plan verification and patient safety. While diamond detectors offer high precision, they come with higher production costs. Thermoluminescent dosimeters, using materials like LiF, provide accurate measurements and a wide dose range. MOSFET detectors, as semiconductor-based devices, respond quickly to radiation and are valuable for real-time dosimetry during treatment. Gel dosimetry, utilizing gel materials, offers high precision in measuring radiation doses but requires complex laboratory analysis. In conclusion, the comprehensive quality control methods in radiotherapy are of vital importance for ensuring patient safety, treatment success, and the accurate operation of equipment. These controls, conducted in accordance with national and international protocols, adapt to evolving standards and technologies, contributing to the overall effectiveness and safety of the radiotherapy process.