Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) pediatric resident training course: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background:Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming increasingly crucial in the Pediatric Emergency Department for objective patient examination. However, despite its growing interest and wide-ranging applications, POCUS remains relatively unexplored in general pediatric training and education. Many physicians still find it challenging to comprehend and implement. Methods:a theoretical-practical POCUS course for pediatric residents was conducted at the University of Catania, Italy. The course's effectiveness and practical impact on residents was assessed through a pre-post training survey. The first part of the questionnaire focused on the self-perceived time needed to learn how to recognize the following conditions using POCUS: i) Pleural effusion ii) Lung consolidation iii) Pneumothorax (PNX) iv) Cardiac contractility v) Pericardial effusion vi) Perisplenic effusion vii) Morison’s pouch effusion viii) Douglas' pouch effusion ix) Filling and collapsibility of the inferior vena cava. In the second part, we compared the potential role of POCUS in i) Reducing the use of ionizing radiation in children ii) Increasing the sense of security in diagnosis and treatment decisions making and iii) Increasing the residents' confidence level with POCUS after the course on a 1-to-10 rating scale. Results:seventy-two residents participated in the study. The statistical analysis showed significant pre-post differences in almost all the items considered, except for "cardiac contractility" and "PNX".Furthermore, the perceived potential role of POCUS in reducing ionizing radiation usage and the sense of security in diagnosis and treatment decisions showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) before and after the course. Data analysis also revealed a consistently high confidence level with POCUS after the course. Conclusions:the results highlight the importance of including a POCUS track course in pediatric post-graduate programs due to its simplicity, rapid learning time, and clinical usefulness. Based on these findings, it would be recommended to increase the teaching hours dedicated to the recognition of pneumothorax and cardiology POCUS examination. Emphasizing POCUS training in pediatric education can enhance patient care and diagnostic accuracy while minimizing radiation exposure.