Chloride distribution in the Brazilian marine atmosphere

Buildings located in coastal cities are exposed to a marine atmosphere that contains chlorides from the ocean. These chlorides are deposited and penetrate reinforced concrete structures, where they trigger and intensify localized corrosion of steel, a pathology that compromises the stability, durability and service life of the structures. In this context, this systematic literature review aims to map studies that measure the chlorides present in the Brazilian marine atmosphere and, on the basis of this information, answer the five questions formulated to guide this article. For this purpose, a systematic methodology was used to search for and select relevant studies from August and September 2023. A total of 238 documents were identified on the BDTD, Google Scholar, Compendex, CAPES Portal de Periódicos, Scopus, and Web of Science platforms. In total, ten documents were considered suitable for this systematic review. Among these ten studies, seven were conducted in Northeast Brazil, two in South Brazil, and one in Southeast Brazil. According to the data analyzed, most studies have shown that chloride deposition decreases considerably between 140 and 400 m from the coast. Furthermore, Salvador and Praia do Futuro/Praia de Iracema were the most environmentally aggressive locations in this sample. This study revealed that the number of locations analyzed was insufficient to represent or reflect the distribution of chlorides throughout the Brazilian coastline. However, it is a way of understanding the aggressiveness to which structures present in the marine atmosphere are subject.