First Italian report of a liver abscess and metastatic endogenous endophthalmitis caused by ST-23 hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in an immunocompetent individual

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common species in the gut of mammals and is widely distributed in the environment. However, the environmental source of hvKp that precedes gut colonization is unclear, but once that it reaches the gut there is a possible generalized spread y fecal-oral transmission especially in endemic areas. Liver abscess might develop when the bacteria, using its virulence factors, cross the intestinal barrier and invade the liver by the portal circulation. This syndrome, prevalent mostly in Asian countries, is increasingly reported in Western Countries and leaves open questions about the source of infection. Case Here we describe for the first time in Italy, a case of pyogenic liver abscess caused by a hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKp) complicated by endophthalmitis and other metastatic infections in lung and prostate in an immunocompetent Chinese healthy individual with no recent travel in Asia. Conclusion This case underlines the need for increased awareness of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae, even in settings where it occurs infrequently and where there are not evident epidemiological links.