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Sources écrites relatives au commerce en Hongrie aux XIe-XIIIe siècle

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Les premières sources écrites de Hongrie remontent à l’époque de la formation du Royaume de Hongrie au tournant du premier millénaire. Pendant 200 ans, elles restent rares à cause des destructions produites par l’invasion des Mongols (1241-1242) et aussi parce que l’épanouissement complet de l’écriture ne s’accomplit qu’au XIIIe siècle, parallèlement au développement de l’État et de la société. Toutefois, les sources linguistiques et historiques relatives au commerce sont extrêmement variées. Ces documents traitent des questions du commerce, en particulier l’organisation des marchés et des foires, de la perception des douanes, de la provision des privilèges commerciaux, de la consommation de produits, de l’exportation et des recours au crédit. La majorité des sources sont émises par la cour royale (lois, chartes, contrats), ce qui est dû à l’absence d’institution notariale et au fait que l’écriture urbaine ne commencera qu’au milieu du XIIIe siècle. The first written sources of Hungary go back to the turn of the first millennium when the Kingdom of Hungary was established. During 200 years, they remained rather rares because of the destruction produced by the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1241-1242) and also because literacy got fully developed only by the XIIIth century, in parallel with the development of the State and society. However, the linguistic and historical sources related to trade are extremely varied. These documents deal with commercial issues, in particular with the organisation of markets and fairs, the collection of customs duties, the provision of trade privileges, the consumption of products, export and the provision and use of credit. The majority of sources were issued by the royal court (laws, charters, contracts), which is due to the absence of the institution of the notary public, and also to the fact that urban literacy started only in the middle of the XIIIth century.
Title: Sources écrites relatives au commerce en Hongrie aux XIe-XIIIe siècle
Description:
Les premières sources écrites de Hongrie remontent à l’époque de la formation du Royaume de Hongrie au tournant du premier millénaire.
Pendant 200 ans, elles restent rares à cause des destructions produites par l’invasion des Mongols (1241-1242) et aussi parce que l’épanouissement complet de l’écriture ne s’accomplit qu’au XIIIe siècle, parallèlement au développement de l’État et de la société.
Toutefois, les sources linguistiques et historiques relatives au commerce sont extrêmement variées.
Ces documents traitent des questions du commerce, en particulier l’organisation des marchés et des foires, de la perception des douanes, de la provision des privilèges commerciaux, de la consommation de produits, de l’exportation et des recours au crédit.
La majorité des sources sont émises par la cour royale (lois, chartes, contrats), ce qui est dû à l’absence d’institution notariale et au fait que l’écriture urbaine ne commencera qu’au milieu du XIIIe siècle.
The first written sources of Hungary go back to the turn of the first millennium when the Kingdom of Hungary was established.
During 200 years, they remained rather rares because of the destruction produced by the Tatar-Mongol invasion (1241-1242) and also because literacy got fully developed only by the XIIIth century, in parallel with the development of the State and society.
However, the linguistic and historical sources related to trade are extremely varied.
These documents deal with commercial issues, in particular with the organisation of markets and fairs, the collection of customs duties, the provision of trade privileges, the consumption of products, export and the provision and use of credit.
The majority of sources were issued by the royal court (laws, charters, contracts), which is due to the absence of the institution of the notary public, and also to the fact that urban literacy started only in the middle of the XIIIth century.

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