Methods of nanoliposomes preparation

During the last decade, nanoliposomes have attracted great interest of many researchers. This was caused by unusual properties of these molecules, such us their nanosize, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Due to these properties, they can be widely applied in many fields, especially as carriers of active substances in cosmetics, food technology, agriculture, and nanotherapy. The application of nanoliposomes as drug nanocarriers in medicine allows for more effective treatment of many diseases (e.g. cancers, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases) [1,6,7]. The advantage of these nanocarriers used in medicine is cell-specific targeting, which is indispensable to attain drug concentration, requisite for optimum therapeutic efficacy in the target site, with accompanying side effects limited to the minimum. Furthermore, the efficacy of treatment with these carriers comes from enhancing bioavailability, improving controlled release, and enabling precision targeting of the entrapped compounds, due to a larger increased surface area [7]. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge on the conventional methods of preparation of nanoliposomes, including microfluidization, extrusion, sonification technique, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods.