Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensors, Materials, Devices, and Applications

In recent years, passive wireless sensors have been studied for various infrastructure sectors, making them a research and development focus. While substantial evidence already supports their viability, further effort is needed to understand their dependability and applicability. As a result, issues related to the theory and implementation of wireless sensors still need to be resolved. This paper aims to review and summarize the progress of the different materials used in different passive sensors, the current status of the passive wireless sensor readout devices, and the latest peripheral devices. It will also cover other related aspects such as the system equipment of passive wireless sensors and the nanogenerators for the energy harvesting for self-powered sensors for applications in contemporary life scenarios. At the same time, the challenges for future developments and applications of passive wireless are discussed.