CRISPR-Cas Innovative Strategies for Combating Viral Infections and Enhancing Diagnostic Technologies

Background: CRISPR-Cas technology has transformed molecular diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for viral infections, particularly COVID-19. Its ability to precisely edit viral genomes and detect viral RNA/DNA offers a novel approach to combating persistent viral infections.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic potential of CRISPR-Cas systems in viral infections, with a focus on COVID-19.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 peer-reviewed studies were conducted, including clinical trials and experimental research. Data collection involved searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords such as "CRISPR-Cas," "viral diagnostics," and "COVID-19." Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates calculated for CRISPR-based diagnostics.Results: CRISPR-based diagnostics, including SHERLOCK and DETECTR, achieved pooled sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 92%-96%) and specificity of 97% (95% CI: 95%-99%) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Therapeutic interventions using CRISPR-Cas9 showed an 84% reduction in viral replication across HIV and Hepatitis B studies (95% CI: 80%-88%).Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas technologies demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic potential, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further clinical validation is needed to enhance global healthcare applications.