The Role of Fluorides in White Spot Lesions during Orthodontic Treatment

White spot lesions are undesirable outcomes after orthodontic treatment. Patients are encouraged to apply various remineralizing agents during the entire treatment duration and after treatment for a better esthetic outcome. Fluoride therapy is the most popular method followed until today for the prevention and remineralization of white spot lesions. The primary mechanism by which fluoride acts is through the effect of fluoride ions on the demineralization/remineralization process at the interface between oral fluids and teeth. Fluoride in the form of toothpaste, mouthwashes, and fluoride varnishes has been prescribed. They are also available in forms such as gel, mousse, pastille, or added to chewing gum. Even fluoride-releasing bonding systems had been manufactured as attempts to prevention demineralization. This chapter will elaborate on white spot lesion occurrence during orthodontic treatment and the various applications of fluoride for prevention and remineralization of white spot lesions.