Reusable PCL scaffolds with multifunctional titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Abstract Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have become highly regarded for their extensive applications across environmental remediation, medical therapies, and tissue engineering. Recent research has significantly enhanced our understanding of TiO2 NPs synthesis methods, their hydrophobic characteristics, antibacterial effectiveness, and crucial roles in scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Exploration into the hydrophobic properties of TiO2 NPs reveals complex interactions involving their size, shape, and surface impurities. These attributes are essential for developing advanced self-cleaning surfaces and improving water treatment technologies. Moreover, TiO2 NPs exhibit notable antibacterial properties, primarily due to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species when exposed to light, which disrupts bacterial cell membranes. This makes them particularly promising for applications such as wound healing materials and antimicrobial coatings, effectively combating many pathogens. TiO2 NP scaffolds are gaining recognition in tissue engineering for their biocompatibility and ability to promote bone formation. These qualities facilitate cell and tissue attachment, growth, and maturation, presenting significant potential in regenerative medicine applications. The present study included the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles utilizing hexane and ethanol as solvents. The XRD measurement indicated that the nanoparticles had a mean diameter of 4.5 nm and 2.96 nm when synthesized using hexane and ethanol, respectively. The results were validated by TEM analysis. The hydrophobic properties of the nanoparticles were assessed using contact angle analysis, revealing a significant level of hydrophobicity. The antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated by testing their effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, demonstrating their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The antibacterial characteristics of scaffolds containing TiO2 nanoparticles were also evaluated, indicating the continued existence of these characteristics in the scaffold’s structure. The chemical composition and effective integration of TiO2 were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In summary, recent studies underscore the multifaceted capabilities of TiO2 NPs, emphasizing their critical roles in antibacterial applications and as scaffolds driving advancements in tissue regeneration.