Utilization and Socioeconomic Importance of Nontimber Forest Products for Sustainable Forest Management in Essera District, Southwest Ethiopia

Nontimber forest products (NTFPs) are vital to rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation, especially in forest‐adjacent communities. This study explores the diversity, utilization patterns, and conservation practices of NTFPs in the Essera district, Southwest Ethiopia. Using participatory rural appraisal, household surveys (n = 299), key informant interviews, and ecological transects, the research identified 16 major NTFPs, including wild coffee (Coffea arabica), honey, bamboo, and medicinal plants. These products contribute significantly to household income, food security, and healthcare. The findings show that 67.9% of households consider NTFPs “very important” to their livelihoods. Statistical analyses revealed that factors such as proximity to forest, household income, and harvesting frequency significantly influence NTFP dependency. NTFPs also support climate adaptation by providing alternative income, nutritional buffers during food shortages, and accessible medicinal remedies. While traditional ecological knowledge and participatory forest management (PFM) promote sustainable use, overharvesting, market pressure, and weak institutional support remain major challenges. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for integrated approaches combining community knowledge, conservation strategies, and policy support to ensure the sustainable use of NTFPs and enhance the resilience of rural communities in the face of ecological and socioeconomic stress.