Noninvasive Cardiac Output Trajectories Predict Preeclampsia: Analysis of 635 Gravidas

Abstract Objective To longitudinally track noninvasive hemodynamic parameters across different gestational ages using the PeriCare noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system and evaluate their predictive value for preeclampsia (PE) onset. Methods A prospective cohort of 635 pregnant women, registered at Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital between October 2023 and October 2024 and underwent regular prenatal check-ups, were enrolled in this study. The cohort included 581 patients in the normal pregnancy group and 54 patients in the PE group. The PeriCare noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system was utilized to measure gestational-age-related changes in hemodynamic parameters that included the cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), stroke volume index (SVI), thoracic fluid content (TFC), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Statistical analysis was performed on the collected data. Results The levels of CO, CI, SV and SVI in pregnant women with PE were lower than those in normal pregnant women, whereas the TFC, SVR, SVRI and MAP were higher than those in normal pregnant women. The MAP, SVR and SVRI of pregnant women with PE tended to increase throughout the entire pregnancy period. However, for normal pregnant women, this indicator showed a downward trend in the second trimester of pregnancy and gradually increases in the third trimester. Conclusions Noninvasive hemodynamic parameters exhibited differential trends between normal pregnant women and those with PE, providing a basis for establishing prediction models for PE. Furthermore, the PeriCare Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring System enabled real-time, sequential assessment of maternal hemodynamics during pregnancy, providing critical insights for early detection and targeted intervention in PE.