ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILING AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SALMONELLA PULLORUM ISOLATES

Pullorum disease (PD), which is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Pullorum, is regarded as one of the deadliest bacterial illnesses. It undermines food security and results in significant financial losses for the chicken sector. This rod-gram-negative bacterium prefers to dwell in the reproductive system, liver, and spleen. In adult chickens, sulfur-colored (yellow) diarrhea and listlessness are signs of fowl typhoid. In order to treat systemic bacterial infections, the poultry industry has made substantial use of antimicrobial drugs, including lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. The aim of this study is to isolate Salmonella Pullorum from boiler chicken and identify by Biochemical analysis as well as to determine the Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Salmonella Pullorum isolates. Twenty samples were taken from five different farms' stock of broiler chickens After a whole day at 37 degrees Celsius, the samples were processed and streaked on XLD medium to examine bacterial growth. Gram staining and several biochemical assays, including the lactose fermentation, urease, methyl red, and indole tests, were then used to confirm the presence of bacteria.  After that, the bacterial culture was grown for testing for antibiotic susceptibility. In the current investigation, the antibiotics tetracycline, enrofloxicin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin were utilized. The isolates' antimicrobial susceptibility tests throughout this investigation showed a variety of resistance patterns. 90% azithromycin, 100% enrofloxicin, and tetracycline. The maximum effectiveness against the investigated isolates was demonstrated by Tetracycline and Enroflaxacin, which showed 0% resistance. Ceftriaxone showed a lower resistance rate of 30%, while ciprofloxacin should have a 58% resistance rate. 10 percent resistant to the Macrolide Azithromycin. According findings, S. pullorum is still common in Pakistan and many other countries; thus, effective management and treatment are necessary to completely eradicate this disease.