Understanding Stuttering: A Taxonomic Review of Models, Paradigms, and Theories

This review article attempts to provide a comprehensive examination of 57 models, theories, and paradigms that have shaped the understanding of stuttering. Stuttering, a complex speech disorder, is characterized by disruptions in fluency. Stuttering has been the subject of extensive research across multiple disciplines, including psychology, linguistics, and neurology. Existing frameworks can be categorized into domains like PSYCHOLOGICAL MODELS, which explore cognitive and emotional factors; NEUROLOGICAL THEORIES, focusing on brain structure and function; and SOCIAL PARADIGMS, emphasizing the role of environment and communication dynamics. Through a critical analysis of these diverse approaches, the interplay between their influences on stuttering is presented. The review also addresses the evolution of these theories over time, noting significant advancements and the integration of interdisciplinary perspectives. Their implications for clinical practice, particularly in the development of effective intervention strategies, are mentioned. By synthesizing current knowledge, this article seeks to foster a deeper understanding of stuttering and encourage future research that bridges gaps between theoretical frameworks and practical applications. Ultimately, the ongoing dialogue surrounding this multifaceted disorder and promoting collaborative efforts in the fields of speech-language pathology and related disciplines is promoted.