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INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIALISATION: WHAT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED, WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE

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Já se passaram 30 anos desde a publicação do seminal estudo sobre São Paulo de DEAN (1969). Esse trabalho desafiou uma afirmativa chave no paradigma – estruturalista – que dominava grande parte dos escritos sobre ciências sociais e sobre a história da América Latina. Ele também lançou dúvidas sobre aspectos igualmente centrais da abordagem que viria a se tonar ascendente, a dependentista, uma escola descrita como “histórico-estruturalista” (FISHLOW, 1988). Para os estudiosos baseados nas tradições cepalina e dependentista inicial, era uma verdade amplamente estabelecida que a industrialização da América Latina foi deflagrada pela crise mundial dos anos 30. O “modelo” pré-1929 (ou pré-1914) de crescimento liderado pelas exportações era apresentado como frustrando a industrialização ou como sendo contrário ao desenvolvimento (deve ser relembrado que, nesse tempo, a industrialização e o desenvolvimento eram entendidos como virtualmente sendo a mesma coisa). DEAN refutou esta ortodoxia, no mínimo no caso de São Paulo. Ele demonstrou que a atividade no setor manufatureiro era mais dinâmica durante os períodos de flutuações das exportações. Com a derrocada do estruturalismo e da dependência, amplamente preditos por seus críticos, teria a tese de DEAN sobre industrialização finalmente sido reivindicada? Este ensaio examinará como a historiografia sobre a industrialização da América Latina tem evoluído nas últimas três décadas. Ele avaliará os principais rumos das pesquisas, refletindo até onde o caminho aberto por DEAN tem sido seguido por outros. Ele também identificará o que precisa ser feito: quais são os hiatos na literatura, e onde se encontram. Abstract It is now thirty years since the publication of the seminal study on São Paulo by DEAN (1969). That work challenged a key assertion in the prevailing paradigm – structuralism – then dominating much social science and historical writing on Latin America. It also cast doubt on similarly central aspects of the soon-to-be ascendant dependista approach, a school described as historico-structuralism (FISHLOW, 1988). For scholars rooted in cepalista and early dependency traditions, it was a truth widely-held that Latin American industrialisation was triggered by the world crisis of the 1930s. The pre-1929 (or pre-1914) “model” of export-led growth was variously presented as frustrating industrialisation or inimical to development. (It must be remembered that, at the time, industrialisation and development were held to be virtually one and the same). DEAN refuted this orthodoxy, at least in the case of São Paulo. He demonstrated that activity in the manufacturing sector was most dynamic during periods of export buoyancy. With the demise of structuralism and dependency widely predicted by their critics, has the DEAN thesis on industrialisation finally been vindicated? This essay will examine how the historiography on modern Latin American industrialisation has evolved over the last three decades. It will appraise the principal directions in research, reflecting on the extent to which the route pioneered by DEAN has been followed by others. It will also identify what needs to be done: where and what are the gaps in the literature?
Universidade Federal do Parana
Title: INDUSTRY AND INDUSTRIALISATION: WHAT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED, WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
Description:
Já se passaram 30 anos desde a publicação do seminal estudo sobre São Paulo de DEAN (1969).
Esse trabalho desafiou uma afirmativa chave no paradigma – estruturalista – que dominava grande parte dos escritos sobre ciências sociais e sobre a história da América Latina.
Ele também lançou dúvidas sobre aspectos igualmente centrais da abordagem que viria a se tonar ascendente, a dependentista, uma escola descrita como “histórico-estruturalista” (FISHLOW, 1988).
Para os estudiosos baseados nas tradições cepalina e dependentista inicial, era uma verdade amplamente estabelecida que a industrialização da América Latina foi deflagrada pela crise mundial dos anos 30.
O “modelo” pré-1929 (ou pré-1914) de crescimento liderado pelas exportações era apresentado como frustrando a industrialização ou como sendo contrário ao desenvolvimento (deve ser relembrado que, nesse tempo, a industrialização e o desenvolvimento eram entendidos como virtualmente sendo a mesma coisa).
DEAN refutou esta ortodoxia, no mínimo no caso de São Paulo.
Ele demonstrou que a atividade no setor manufatureiro era mais dinâmica durante os períodos de flutuações das exportações.
Com a derrocada do estruturalismo e da dependência, amplamente preditos por seus críticos, teria a tese de DEAN sobre industrialização finalmente sido reivindicada? Este ensaio examinará como a historiografia sobre a industrialização da América Latina tem evoluído nas últimas três décadas.
Ele avaliará os principais rumos das pesquisas, refletindo até onde o caminho aberto por DEAN tem sido seguido por outros.
Ele também identificará o que precisa ser feito: quais são os hiatos na literatura, e onde se encontram.
Abstract It is now thirty years since the publication of the seminal study on São Paulo by DEAN (1969).
That work challenged a key assertion in the prevailing paradigm – structuralism – then dominating much social science and historical writing on Latin America.
It also cast doubt on similarly central aspects of the soon-to-be ascendant dependista approach, a school described as historico-structuralism (FISHLOW, 1988).
For scholars rooted in cepalista and early dependency traditions, it was a truth widely-held that Latin American industrialisation was triggered by the world crisis of the 1930s.
The pre-1929 (or pre-1914) “model” of export-led growth was variously presented as frustrating industrialisation or inimical to development.
(It must be remembered that, at the time, industrialisation and development were held to be virtually one and the same).
DEAN refuted this orthodoxy, at least in the case of São Paulo.
He demonstrated that activity in the manufacturing sector was most dynamic during periods of export buoyancy.
With the demise of structuralism and dependency widely predicted by their critics, has the DEAN thesis on industrialisation finally been vindicated? This essay will examine how the historiography on modern Latin American industrialisation has evolved over the last three decades.
It will appraise the principal directions in research, reflecting on the extent to which the route pioneered by DEAN has been followed by others.
It will also identify what needs to be done: where and what are the gaps in the literature?.

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