Human environment around the world surrounded by rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)

Aims and Objective: The rapid growth of Mycobacteria (RGM) is a member of Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium that are environmental and opportunistic pathogens whose role in human disease is increasingly recognized. RGMs are highly found in various natural and man-made environmental resources. They can be opportunistically transmitted to humans through contaminated water sources and cause their infectious pulmonary and extrapulmonary infectious diseases. Misdiagnosis of this type of mycobacterium can lead to destructive results. As a result, improper treatment Faced with it can lead to recurrent infections as well as drug resistance. Methods: The aim of this study was to review the existing studies on the prevalence of RGMs between 1990-2017 in worldwide. Data on the prevalence of RGM infection were collected from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and other scientific databases. Results: In Asia, 776 cases were reported. Among these, the M. furtuitum 23.32% (181,776), and M. chelonae 18.04%(140,776) were the most prevalence, respectively. Also, 105 cases reported in Africa, with the highest prevalence cases being M. fortuitum 46.67%(49,105), M. neoaurium 14.29%(15,105), and M. septicum 8.57% (9,150), respectively. On the other hand, 1363 cases were reported throughout Europe. Among these, the M. furtuitum 30.37% (414,1363), M. chelonae 18.86%(257,1363), and M. peregrinum 13.94%(190,1363) were the most prevalence, respectively. In the United States, 237 cases of RGM were reported, which the highest prevalence was related to the genus M. chelonae 25.32%(60,237), M. mucogenicum 23.63%(56,237) and M. furtuitum 22.36%(53,237), respectively. Also, in Australia 120 cases were observed, with the highest prevalence in M. fortuitum 49.17%(59,120), M. septicum 21.67%(26,120), and M. chelonae 8.33%(10,120), respectively. Conclusion: Given the increasing prevalence of RGMs in different environments, it seems necessary to implement more infection control strategies, appropriate diagnostic methods and control guidelines for NTM diseases. It can be said that we need to increase the quality of diagnostic reference methods and more accurate measures to prevent and control RGM infections.