State Policy In The Field Of Alternative Energy Sources In The Conditions Of Ensuring Energy Security Of Ukraine

The article analyses features of state policy in the field of alternative energy sources, particularly replacing traditional energy resources with alternative energy sources, aiming to reduce the energy intensity of Ukraine’s gross domestic product and ensure the state’s energy security. It is noted that Ukraine has significant potential for developing alternative energy sources, particularly wind energy, solar energy, bioenergy, hydropower, and geothermal energy. An analysis of the growth dynamics of the installed capacity of alternative energy source facilities operating under the «green» tariff has shown that solar energy is currently the most developed in Ukraine. This creates a foundation for further development of wind and bioenergy. The main practical benefits of energy storage systems are highlighted, including ensuring electricity supply to businesses when the external grid is disconnected, storing cheap electricity during excess capacity, and supplying it during peak demand when it is more expensive. Additionally, these systems have the potential to support and restore grid frequency. Storing surplus energy from solar power plants can increase the overall efficiency of the energy system. The author identifies the main tasks to be implemented within state policy to ensure energy security. These include investing in the restoration and decentralization of the energy system (increasing the share of electricity production from alternative energy sources, including the construction of wind and solar power plants, as well as energy storage facilities for the development of energy storage technologies produced from renewable sources), building biomethane production capacities, introducing new types of environmentally friendly fuels, increasing the construction of interconnectors with ENTSO-E to integrate Ukraine’s electricity system with the European power grid, enhancing the localization of energy storage systems, implementing innovative and efficient technologies in the electricity distribution sector, including smart grids, microgrids, and «vehicle-to-grid» systems, and resolving issues related to the «green» tariff.