Phytovirus Vectors, Detection Techniques, and Future Directions

The majority of the well-known genera of plant viruses, such as Caulimovirus, Reovirus, Tospovirus, Crinivirus, Luteovirus, Geminiviridae, and Tenuivirus, are vectored, spread, and transmitted by phytophagous insects. Most of the time, they are vectored by the orders Hemiptera and Thysanoptera, and by some species of Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Dermaptera. The occurrence of a single species of these phytophagous insect orders resulted in one or more plant viruses in general, and the Hemipteran order in particular vectored a lot of plant virus species. This review manuscript is focused on vectors of plant viruses, techniques for their detection, and future directions. It will play a vital role in exploring scientific information concerning the interactions of phytoviruses and vector insects, the effect of phytoviruses on host behavior, mediators of phytovirus transmission, persistent phytoviruses, some other insect vectors of the phytopathogen, mechanisms of host plant resistance against phytoviruses, and techniques of phytovirus detection, as well as some important points to be considered in the future sustainably.