Novel Genetics and Humoral Prognostic Markers of Left Ventricle Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is not only complications or the damaged appearance of the target organ of patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH), but at the same time, it is also a prognostic factor. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the echocardiographic (Echo-CG) changes in patients with EAH depending on genes AGT (rs4762), GNB3 (rs5443), and some humoral markers. Methods: A total of 100 EAH patients were recruited for this study. AGT (rs4762) and GNB3 (rs5443) genotyping were performed by Real-Time PCR. All recruited individuals were tested for serum levels of ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. LVH was assessed using Echo-CG. Results: T-allele of the AGT (rs4762) and GNB3 (rs5443) genes are associated with myocardial structure changes in hypertensive patients: thicker relative wall thickness (RWT), interventricular septum in diastole and higher left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI) in women for GNB3 (rs5443) gene. Hypovitaminosis D in EAH patients is accompanied by LV remodeling: larger left atrium size, LV mass (LVM), and LVMI in women, with lower ejection fraction. Hypocalcemia links to the smaller wall thickness of hypertrophied LV myocardium in EAH individuals than in the case of its normal concentration, as well as a lower LVMI and better LV contractile function, which confirms the hypothesis of active involvement of calcium in the process of myocardial remodeling and hypertrophy. Conclusion: The polymorphic variants of the AGT (521 C>T) and GNB3 (825 C>T) genes are associated with myocardial structure changes in EAH patients. Hypovitaminosis D in hypertensive individuals is accompanied by LVM and LVMI increase but reliably only in women.