Circulating methylated RUNX3 and SFRP1 genes as a noninvasive panel for early detection of colorectal cancer

Objective This study was conducted to assess the methylation status of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) genes in paired tissue and serum samples of colorectal cancer (CRC), adenomatous, and control subjects and elucidate the association between methylation status on RUNX3 and SFRP1 mRNA expression. Methods Methylation status of RUNX3 and SFRP1 in paired tissue and serum samples and RUNX3 and SFRP1 mRNA expression in tissue from 85 patients with CRC, 40 with adenoma, and 40 healthy controls were determined using methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcription PCR. Results The frequency RUNX3 and SFRP1 genes methylation was significantly higher in both tissues and serum of CRC patients and was significantly associated with absence of its corresponding mRNA expression. The concordance between tissue and serum methylation status was 94.4% for RUNX3 and 94.3% for SFRP1. Tissue RUNX3 methylation status detected CRC with 63.53% sensitivity and 80.00% specificity, while serum RUNX3 methylation status detected CRC with 60.00% sensitivity and 82.50% specificity. Tissue SFRP1 methylation status showed a sensitivity of 82.35% and specificity of 65.00%, while serum SFRP1 methylation status showed a sensitivity of 77.65% and specificity of 70.00% in detection of CRC. RUNX3/SFRP1/carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) panel identified CRC with sensitivity of 89.41% in tissue and 84.71% in serum. Conclusion Our results verified the reliability of using serum RUNX3 and SFRP1 methylation status as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of CRC and that combined detection of RUNX3/SFRP1/CEA panel might be a promising strategy for early detection of CRC.