Особливості анатомічної будови і функціонування листкового апарату та продуктивність рослин льону олійного за дії хлормекватхлориду

<p><span lang="EN-US">We studied the influence of antigibberellin compound </span><span lang="EN-US">chlormequatchloride<span> on the morphogenesis, functioning of “source-sink” relation system, yield and quality of linseed oil.</span></span><span lang="EN-US"> It was found that </span><span lang="EN-US">chlormequat chloride application led to enhance the </span><span lang="EN-US">thickening</span><span lang="EN-US"> of stems </span><span lang="EN-US">which based on the changes in the anatomical structure: the thickness of bark, the diameter of bastfibres and the number of xylem elements in the row were increased. Formation of the more powerful stem significantly increased the lodging resistance of retardant treated linseed and created the technological advantages of mechanical harvesting. Chlormequat chloride treatment resulted<span>  </span>the formation of powerful photosynthetic apparatus. The application of retardant increased the number of leaves per plant, as well as the period of their active functioning was prolonged. We also noted that </span><span lang="EN-US">the application of plant growth regulators led</span><span lang="EN-US"> to</span><span lang="EN-US"> increase the</span><span lang="EN-US"> cells size and volume of palisade chlorenchyma, the chloroplast number and size in palisade and spongy parenchyma. Such changes in the mesostructure measurement of leaves lead to increase the net photosynthetic productivity and more intense accretation of linseed dry weight matter.Consequantly, retardant treatment improved the gross photosynthetic productivity of linseed, that was the important prerequisite for enhancement of crop production. Application of chlormequat chloride resulted on the formation of higher amount of carbohydrates in the leaves, which formed a significant reserve of assimilates for the strong stem growth, formation of fruits and seeds ripening. At the period of fruit formation, the processes of morphogenesis and vegetative growth slowed down so carpogenesis was a powerful acceptor of organic compounds. The flow of assimilates was directed to the development of generative organs – fruits, the number of which increased by the drug as a result of intensive branching of the stem. </span><span lang="EN-US">The number of seeds per fruit, the weight of a single seed and seed weight of linseed increased under the influence of growth regulator. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Application of retardant stimulated a more intense synthesis of reserve compounds in the seeds that increased the yield of linseed oil. </span><span lang="EN-US">T</span><span lang="EN-GB">he analysis of iodine number, qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids indicates that the growth regulator improved the qualitative parameters and degree of unsaturation of linseed oil. </span><span lang="EN-US">It was established that </span><span lang="EN-US">chlormequat chloride did n<span>ot accumulated in excessive amounts in linseed plants. The amount of residual drugs substance in the seeds was significantly lower than the permissible concentrations</span>, <span>which made it possible to use seeds and linseed oil in the food and pharmaceutical industries. We concluded that the application of </span>chlormequat chloride <span>on the linseed during the budding period with standard cultivation technology leads to morphological restructuring of plants, improve the development of leaf apparatus and formation of fruits, which contributed to the improvement of crop production.</span></span></p>