Triphytochemistry and antibacterial activity of ethanolic 70% and aqueous extracts of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Stem bark (Sapindaceae)

The aim of this work is to carry out the phytochemical study and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the aqueous (EAq) and ethanolic 70% (EEth70%) extracts of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch (Sapindaceae) bark, on four strains. Thus, after the extractions, the best yield was observed in EEth70%. The chemical screening revealed the presence of most of the desired compound in both extracts. However, alkaloids, saponosides, anthocyanins, gallic tannins, quinones, sterols and polyterpenes were absent in EAq. Also, alkaloids, anthocyanins and gall tannins are absent in both extracts. Regarding antibacterial activity, all tested microorganisms reacted in dose response to the extracts. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were found to be resistant to both extracts. Nevertheless, the results obtained with EEth 70% showed the most significant antibacterial activity. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains had inhibition diameters of 20 and 18 mm respectively at the concentration of 200 mg/mL in the presence of the ethanolic extract. For the aqueous extract the inhibition diameters of the latter are 14 and 10 mm respectively at 200 mg/mL. On the basis of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), E. coli and S. aureus strains were the most sensitive to both plant extracts with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 25 mg/mL. On the other hand, P. aeruginosa, and K pneumoniae strains were less sensitive on both extracts (EAq and EEth).