Migration of Bullet Fragment 11 Years after Initial Gunshot Wound leads to Cervical Prevertebral Abscess: A Case Report

Introduction: Literature showcases conflicting findings regarding the outcomes of ballistic fragment removal from the spine in gunshot wounds (GSW) patients. Further research in this area is needed to better comprehend the nuances of risks and benefits surrounding ballistic fragment removal from the spine in GSW patients. In this case report, we discuss the late-onset cervical prevertebral abscess which developed when a previously embedded bullet fragment migrated into the retropharyngeal space 11 years after an initial GSW. Case Report: A 29-year-old male sustained a gunshot wound to the face in 2011. He was stabilized with a posterior C3-C6 lateral mass instrumentation and fusion. There were no attempts to remove the bullet fragments. In 2023, the patient returned with worsening neck pain. Imaging demonstrated a retropharyngeal abscess with interval rotation of the ballistic fragment by 90°. An abscess was noted anterior to the cervical vertebrae with a freely mobile ballistic fragment within. Conclusion: This case highlights several questions: What is the criteria for radiographic surveillance of retained hardware? If there is documented movement, should this trigger further investigation? What complications can occur that warrant careful removal? Keywords: Gunshot wound, ballistic, fragment, cervical, spine.