THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES

The article considered the essence of the category of efficiency in relation to the activities of pharmaceutical enterprises. The authors identified the genesis and development of this concept, its formation and the relationship between its characteristics and factors in terms of management. In particular, the essence and connections between the concepts of efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, profitability, and performance, which are used in the scientific and managerial literature, are established. Systematizing the existing definitions in the theory, the authors identified the five main approaches to understanding the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises: functional approach, target approach, problem approach, analytical approach, and complex approach. According to them, efficiency is classified by business functions, measurement, management objects and types. Besides, sixteen main types of the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises are identified, i.e.: financial efficiency, production efficiency, logistics efficiency, marketing efficiency, structural efficiency, dynamic efficiency, absolute efficiency, relative efficiency, organizational performance, performance of the enterprise division, efficiency of product (products, services, works) of the enterprise, employee performance, technological efficiency, economic efficiency, social efficiency, environmental efficiency. According to the results of the study, the authors provided their own definition of the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises as a complex and multifaceted management category that characterize the ability of the pharmaceutical company to achieve strategic and tactical goals, productively and economically use resources (financial, labor, material and technical, intangible), meet the needs of society (social), owners (economic) and the environment (environmental).