Finite Element Analysis of Taper and Straight Porous Dental Implants

Abstract Conventional dental implants, typically made of dense titanium, exhibit mechanical properties significantly higher than cancellous and cortical bone, leading to stress shielding and potential implant failure. This study aims to evaluate porous and dense implants with tapered and straight designs using the finite element method. The implants were fully bonded with bone to mimic full osseointegration. A load of 200 N was applied to the crown to mimic the chewing forces. The results showed that the tapered porous implant experienced the highest stress in cancellous bone (6.50 MPa), while the straight dense implant recorded the lowest (3.57 MPa). Conversely, the straight dense implant exhibited maximum stress (181.60 MPa) compared to the porous tapered implant (13.07 MPa). However, straight-dense implants demonstrated a higher factor of safety relative to porous implants. Biomechanically, the porous tapered implant outperforms conventional implants and may mitigate associated complications.