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EFFECT OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CARBONATE ROCKS ON THEIR PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

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ABSTRACT. The construction of digital models from a set of x-ray tomography images of high resolution (μCT) acquired in rock samples is an innovative technique in growing use nowadays. The objectives of this study were: demonstrate the potential of this technique to quantify mineral content of 15 carbonate rock samples from northeastern Brazil, through μCT analysis; to compare the results with the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD); and to evaluate the effect of this mineral composition on the petrophysical properties of these rocks. The results achieved in the simulation of the mineral composition confirmed that the analyzed carbonate rock samples are mainly composed of calcite and or dolomite. In general the XRD results confirmed the mineral composition indicated by μCT, except for amorphous minerals and those with small contents (accessory minerals). The results show the content of major minerals controlling the petrophysical properties, especially grain density and elastic velocities. However, other factors which were assessed through the analysis of μCT, also significantly affected the elastic velocities: porosity, type of porosity (if intergranular or vugular) and proportion of microporosity present in the rock. Keywords: carbonates, microcomputed tomography, mineral characterization, petrophysics, x-ray diffraction. RESUMO. A construção de modelos digitais de rochas a partir de um conjunto de imagens de tomografia de raios de x de alta resolução (μCT) é uma técnica inovadora com uso crescente atualmente. Os objetivos deste estudo são demonstrar o potencial desta técnica para quantificar a composição mineral de quinze amostras de rochas carbonáticas oriundas de bacias sedimentares do nordeste brasileiro, através da análise dos dados de μCT, comparar os resultados com as análises de difração de raios x (DRX), e avaliar o efeito da composição mineral sobre as propriedades petrofísicas dessas rochas. Os resultados obtidos na simulação da composição mineral, através de μCT, indicam que as amostras são compostas principalmente por calcita e/ou dolomita. Em geral os resultados de DRX confirmaram a composição mineral indicada por μCT, exceto para minerais amorfos e para aqueles que apresentam pequenos teores (minerais acessórios). Os resultados demonstram que os minerais principais (com teores mais elevados) controlam as propriedades petrofísicas, especialmente a densidade de grãos e as velocidades elásticas. Entretanto, outros fatores, os quais foram avaliados através da análise de μCT, também afetaram de maneira significativa as velocidades elásticas: porosidade, tipo de porosidade (se intergranular ou vugular) e proporção de microporosidade presente na rocha. Palavras-chave: carbonatos, microtomografia de raios x, caracterização mineral, petrofísica, difração de raios x.
Title: EFFECT OF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF CARBONATE ROCKS ON THEIR PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Description:
ABSTRACT.
The construction of digital models from a set of x-ray tomography images of high resolution (μCT) acquired in rock samples is an innovative technique in growing use nowadays.
The objectives of this study were: demonstrate the potential of this technique to quantify mineral content of 15 carbonate rock samples from northeastern Brazil, through μCT analysis; to compare the results with the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD); and to evaluate the effect of this mineral composition on the petrophysical properties of these rocks.
The results achieved in the simulation of the mineral composition confirmed that the analyzed carbonate rock samples are mainly composed of calcite and or dolomite.
In general the XRD results confirmed the mineral composition indicated by μCT, except for amorphous minerals and those with small contents (accessory minerals).
The results show the content of major minerals controlling the petrophysical properties, especially grain density and elastic velocities.
However, other factors which were assessed through the analysis of μCT, also significantly affected the elastic velocities: porosity, type of porosity (if intergranular or vugular) and proportion of microporosity present in the rock.
 Keywords: carbonates, microcomputed tomography, mineral characterization, petrophysics, x-ray diffraction.
 RESUMO.
A construção de modelos digitais de rochas a partir de um conjunto de imagens de tomografia de raios de x de alta resolução (μCT) é uma técnica inovadora com uso crescente atualmente.
Os objetivos deste estudo são demonstrar o potencial desta técnica para quantificar a composição mineral de quinze amostras de rochas carbonáticas oriundas de bacias sedimentares do nordeste brasileiro, através da análise dos dados de μCT, comparar os resultados com as análises de difração de raios x (DRX), e avaliar o efeito da composição mineral sobre as propriedades petrofísicas dessas rochas.
Os resultados obtidos na simulação da composição mineral, através de μCT, indicam que as amostras são compostas principalmente por calcita e/ou dolomita.
Em geral os resultados de DRX confirmaram a composição mineral indicada por μCT, exceto para minerais amorfos e para aqueles que apresentam pequenos teores (minerais acessórios).
Os resultados demonstram que os minerais principais (com teores mais elevados) controlam as propriedades petrofísicas, especialmente a densidade de grãos e as velocidades elásticas.
Entretanto, outros fatores, os quais foram avaliados através da análise de μCT, também afetaram de maneira significativa as velocidades elásticas: porosidade, tipo de porosidade (se intergranular ou vugular) e proporção de microporosidade presente na rocha.
 Palavras-chave: carbonatos, microtomografia de raios x, caracterização mineral, petrofísica, difração de raios x.

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