The Role of Hyperarousal and Aberrant Salience in the Acceptance of Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination

Background and Objectives: This present study was aimed at exploring hyperarousal and aberrant salience in a sample of the Italian general population to understand their possible role in the acceptance of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic data questions, the “Acceptance of Vaccination” measure, the Hyperarousal Scale (H-Scale), and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) were sent as an unpaid online survey to the general population (age range 18–80 years) within the Italian territory. Results: The enrolled subjects were divided into two subgroups: “Pro-vax” (n = 806; 87.4%) and “No-vax” (n = 116; 12.6%). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups in the “Education Level” (p = 0.001) category, higher in the “Pro-vax” group, and in the ASI “Senses Sharpening” (p = 0.007), “Heightened Emotionality” (p = 0.008), and “Heightened Cognition” (p = 0.002) subscales with the “Total Score” (p = 0.015), all higher in “No-vax” subjects. Furthermore, a linear regression model evidenced that only ”Education Level” (β = 0.143; p < 0.0001) and “Senses Sharpening” (β = −0.150; p = 0.006) were, respectively, direct and inverse predictors of “Acceptance of Vaccination”. Conclusions: Our results show that several subthreshold conditions, such as somatosensory amplification, anxiety traits, and panic experiences, should be taken into account by authoritative sources involved in health education, communication, and policy to alleviate public concerns about vaccine safety, for the present and also future pandemics, and to provide more inclusive, informed, and accurate public health preventive and treatment programs.