In Vivo, Exploring the Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Effects of Okra Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Conditions

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical composition, quality parameters followed by antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) plant material. The study involved macroscopic examination of the plant material for visual characteristics, and phytochemical screening for various chemical constituents. The presence of flavonoids, amino acids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugars, triterpenes, and lipids was detected, while glycosides, phlobatannins, and cardiac glycosides were absent. The foreign matter content was determined to be 0.17 gm on average. Ash value analysis revealed a mean total ash value of 1.21%, acid insoluble ash of 0.07%, and water-soluble ash of 0.98%. The pH of the plant extract was measured, and the moisture content was determined to be 6.3%. Additionally, the swelling index and foaming index were calculated as quality parameters. Notably, the antimicrobial activity of the okra plant extract showed no significant inhibition zones against various bacterial and fungal strains. The antidiabetic activity of Okra extract was evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male albino Wistar rats. Blood glucose level, plasma insulin level and HbA1c% were checked in diabetic and treated groups. After day 21 of the treatment with Okra extract, there was a significant decrease in blood glucose level and plasma insulin level whereas increase in plasma insulin level was observed compared to diabetic group. The results indicated antidiabetic potential of Okra extract. However, further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action and long-term effects of okra extract on glycaemic control.