Effects of menstrual cycle on cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological behaviour in females attending fitness centre

Background: Menstruation is a natural monthly cycle in every female which is the shedding of the endometrium lining. During menstruation, many hormonal changes occur in the female body which might affect the other system. The present study aims to determine the effects of menstruation on the cardiorespiratory system and psychological behavioural changes in females attending fitness centres in Peshawar. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional survey was conducted on menstruating females which consisted of sample size of 264, divided into two groups: 132 active and 132 sedentary. Two scales were used to measure their exertion after exercise and the perceived stress. Results: The analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups across the selected measures. The Harvard step test indicated that menstrual cycle status did not significantly influence cardiorespiratory fitness in the active group (Mean rank = 83.21) compared to the sedentary group (Mean rank = 187.79). The perceived exertion, assessed via the BORG scale, was lower in the active group (Mean rank = 77.44) relative to the sedentary group (Mean rank = 187.56). Additionally, the sedentary group exhibited higher perceived stress levels (Mean rank = 143.87) compared to the active group (Mean rank = 121.14). Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the two groups active and sedentary groups. In comparison with the sedentary group, cardiorespiratory fitness is better in the active group. There is a moderate level of stress in an active group but as compared to the sedentary level the stress level is low.