EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SODIUM-GLUCOSE CO-TRANSPORTER (SGLT2 ) INHIBITORS ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL OUTCOMES IN OBESE DIABETIC PATIENTS, A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS

Background Individuals with both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular and kidney-related complications. SGLT2 inhibitors, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has been found to have promising effects on cardiovascular health and renal function in this high-risk population. By inhibiting SGLT2, works to reduce glucose reabsorption in the kidneyswhich in turn can lead to improved glycemic control, weight loss and reduced blood pressure. These effects contribute to its beneficial impact on cardiovascular outcomes and kidney function, making it a valuable treatment option for individuals with obesity and T2DM who are at risk of these complications. Objective:This study aimed to assess the impact of SGLT2 inhibitorson cardiovascular and renal outcomes inpatients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Methodology The study involved 500 adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes who received SGLT2 inhibitorstreatment for a minimum of 6 months.Data collectedinclude demographic data, clinical information and treatment records. The primary focus was on changes in cardiovascular parameters and renal function, assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after starting treatment. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure, mortality rates and safety events.Study place and duration The study included electronic medical records of patients treated at Jinnah postgraduate medical centre between January 2022to December 2024. Results: The study found that SGLT2 inhibitorstherapy for 6 months led to significant reductions in blood pressure and body weight. Renal function improved, with increased eGFR and decreased serum creatinine levels. Glycated hemoglobin levels initially rose but later decreased. Albuminuria decreased modestly over time. Conclusions SGLT2 inhibitorsshows promise in improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, warranting further research to optimize its therapeutic potential and explore long-term benefits