Evaluation of the Management of Urolithiasis with Clinical Study

Background: Urolithiasis encompasses both renal and ureteric stones. It is estimated that up to 5% of the world population is affected by     this disease and the lifetime risk of getting urinary stone is 8-15%. The aim of this study is to look for epidemiological patterns in the disease distribution, understand the causative factors of the disease and assess the existing surgical modalities of treatment of this disease. Subjects and Methods: In the present study 68 cases of Urolithiasis fulfilling the study parameters were admitted and subsequently operated in Medical College and Research Hospital. Results: 65% of the patients were between age group 18-40. The most common site of urinary calculus was lower 1/3ureter followed by lower pole kidney. Diet, fluid intake, diabetes and obesity were significant predisposing factors for urolithiasis. PCNL was the treatment of choice for renal calculus while ECSWL was treatment of choice in upper ureteric calculi and ureteroscopy for lower ureteric calculi. Conclusion: For renal calculi, PCNL is the best treatment modality as of now, but it is associated with greater post-operative morbidity. For stone less than 1cm size, ECSWL is a good alternative to PCNL, but has poor clearance rate and thus greater need for auxiliary procedure. For ureteric calculi, both ECSWL and ureteroscopy have given good results but ECSWL is better tolerated by the patients.