Ukrainian science in the time of "military communism" (on domestic books printed in 1920)

The article presents the problem of spiritual achievements of the Ukrainian National-Democratic Revolution of 1917. With the legitimation of their own power institutions, Ukrainian studies became widespread, as a generalized complex of knowledge about the modern Ukrainian nation. The process of uniting Ukrainians into a political nation needed to educate and educate the society on the basis of Ukrainian values. Recognizing this important component of its development activities, the national governments of Ukraine (General Secretariat of the Ukrainian People's Republic, State Secretariat of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, Council of Ministers of Hetmanat Paul Skoropadsky, the Council of People's Ministers during the Development of the Directory of Ukraine). Having been defeated in the struggle for the preservation of Ukrainian statehood, national forces, meanwhile, were able to preserve and show to the society the potential of Ukrainian studies as a factor in the education of ethnic identity. Even the regime of the dictatorship of the proletariat, intensified by the policy of "war communism", did not become a hindrance. Moreover, the Bolsheviks, in their own way, accepted from the national forces the "baton" of public dissemination of Ukrainian studies. Considering the latter as an effective mechanism for gaining authority among the masses, the leaders of the Communist Party and the Soviet government treated Ukrainian economics with economic prudence. Not only did the Soviet authorities retain the achievements of their opponents in the civil war, but also transformed them into their own political "indigenization" campaign, which began in 1923 and brought numerous bonuses to the Bolsheviks, both on the internal and external contours of life. The author made the aforementioned analysis and his conclusions in this article on the basis of the study of the national books in 1920, kept in the State Archives of the Book of Ukraine named after Ivan Fedorov.