Osmolyte-Induced Modulation of Hofmeister Series

Natural selection has driven the convergence towards a selected set of osmolytes, endowing them with the necessary efficiency to manage stress arising from salt diversity. This study combines atomistic simulations and experiments to investigate how two osmolytes, glycine and betaine, individually modulate Hofmeister ion ordering of alkali metal salts (LiCl, KCl, CsCl) near a charged silica interface. Both osmolytes are found to prevent salt-induced aggregation of the charged entities, yet their mode and degree of relative modulation depend on their intricate interplay with specific salt-cations. Betaine's ion-mediated surface interaction maintains Hofmeister ion ordering, whereas glycine alters the relative Hofmeister order of cation by salt-specific ion desorption from the surface. Experimental validation through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy supports these findings, elucidating osmolyte-mediated alterations in interfacial water structures. These observations based on an inorganic interface are reciprocated in amyloid beta 40 (Abeta40) dimerization dynamics, highlighting osmolyte efficacy in mitigating salt-induced aggregation.