Advanced Strategy and Future Perspectives in Drug Delivery System

One of the main issues with the drug delivery system is delivering the drug to specific target site with anticipated concentration to produce a desired therapeutic potential of the drug. The major drawbacks in the conventional dosage forms are lack of targeted drug delivery, selectivity, non-specific distribution, poor bioavailability, frequent dosage regimen, side effects, first-pass metabolism, solubility for poorly soluble drugs, inability to cross biological barriers, gastrointestinal irritation, drug interaction, and effectiveness. Recent advancements in molecular pharmacology and the drug action in the targeted sites for particular diseases have made a new revolution to develop different novel drug delivery systems. These novel drug delivery systems significantly increase the drug delivery, thus exploiting therapeutic effect and reducing the accumulation of drugs in the off target site. Different novel drug delivery systems include microemulsion and microsphers; nanodrug delivery systems include nanoparticles, nanogels, nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, nanotubes, and dendrimers; and vesicular system includes liposomes, lipospheres, niosomes, phytosomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, vesosomes, herbosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and so on. Parameters such as particle size, shape, solubility, surface morphology, charge, solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and drug release play a significant role to deliver the drug to the target site with the desired concentration. This chapter outlines the discovery of new drug molecule, drug development process, limitations of conventional dosage form, current drug delivery system, application of nanoparticles in disease diagnosis, treatment of different diseases like cancer, and regulatory challenges. Further application of artificial intelligence in drug delivery has been outlined as future perspectives in drug delivery system.